home *** CD-ROM | disk | FTP | other *** search
- Path: bristlecone.together.net!usenet
- From: krw@together.net
- Newsgroups: comp.dcom.modems
- Subject: Re: ? Max speed for voice line
- Date: 10 Feb 1996 04:10:28 GMT
- Organization: TGF Internet Services
- Message-ID: <4fh5rk$a5r@bristlecone.together.net>
- References: <4erqau$6hb@forged.passport.ca> <ABTzm5n0O8@infsviaz.msk.su>
- Reply-To: krw@together.net
- NNTP-Posting-Host: vtr172.ramp.together.net
- X-Newsreader: IBM NewsReader/2 v1.2
-
- >>>I am taking a networking class and my prof said that the highest speed
- >>>that can be achieved over the voice grade line (telephone line) is
- >>>25,900 bps.
-
- This reminds me of a prof that I had that wanted 3 and even 4 significant
- places on his exams. Oh, yes, this was before pocket calculators. "Don't
- know what a slide rule is for...". Sorry old age setting in.
-
- Your prof is just as wrong. The upper barrier is in the mid to high 30's, as
- evidenced by USR with their 33.6K modem. They will shortly be followed by
- everyone else.
-
- Compression has nothing to do with it. V.34 does not specify compression.
-
- My favorite compression algorithm involves dropping all zeros. After all,
- they have no value. After this, you can then take the string of ones
- and represent this a a binary number, and recurse. Decompression is a
- bit more complicated.
-
- >>The data transfer rate, on the other hand, depends on the type of
- >>modulation used, and that is why we must differentiate between the
- >>terms "baud" and "bits/sec". For example, if we employ a quad-bit
- >>modulation, also known as quadrature phase-shift keying (QPSK),
-
- ...or QAM Quadrature amplitude modulation.
-
- Definition time: Baud is "symbols per second" or signal changes per
- second. bps is the number of bits that you can pack into a "symbol"
- times the Baud (note that Baud rate would be redundant).
-
- >> each
- >>LINE transition would represent four bits of DATA, hence a 2400 baud
- >>line would have a data transmission rate of 9600 bps. This appears to
- >>be the practical limit of data transfer WITHOUT DATA COMPRESSION.
- >>
- Wrong, take a look at the "constellation" in V.34. It has not 16 points
- of light, but perhaps a thousand. What you say was true 20 years ago.
-
- >> The extent to which data can be compressed depends on the type of
- >>data, but generally accepted ratio is 4:1, more or less.
-
- I have this bridge in Brooklyn. 4:1 no way! Many things will actually
- expand it you're not carefull. Any graphic files are candidates to
- blow away compression. Oddly, this is where you'd really like it.
- Mother Nature likes to play with our minds this way.
-
- >>If we take
- >>the above example of 9600 bps and multiply it by the compression ratio
- >>of 4, we get the maximum DATA transfer rate of 38,400 bps. This
- >>therefore means that the DATA transfer rate over a voice grade line
- >>could be as high as 38,400 bps while the signaling speed at the same
- >>time is only 2400 baud.
-
- No problem, but at 28.8Kbps the signaling rate (Baud) is ~3K (I don't have
- the reference handy) and with your optomistic compression rate, I'd
- better set my UART to 115K. BTW, I would if I could, but 38.4K seems
- to work.
-
- You too, are getting lost in your Baud.
-
- >>Of course you must realize that this is a
- >>theoretical limit. In practice we have to take into account the line
- >>noise, type of data which will affect compression ratio, and some
- >>other factors, resulting in a typical rating values of 28.8k or 33.6k
- >>for modems.
-
- Sorry, these are uncompressed data rates. They do it with magic
- and incredible inteligence. This is truely is rocket surgery (to mix
- a metaphor)/
-
- >Does this means that if I switch my modem into direct mode (without flow
- >control and data compression), I'll have only 9600 bits/s? In such
- >cases my V.34 modem works much faster than 1200 bytes/s (9600 bits/s) ...
- >
- Flow control is a signaling standard and is irrelevant (to the first order)
- in data rate. Data compression is also irrelevant when talking about
- modem bps. Baud is such a miss-used term that it has become meaningless.
-
- V.34 specifies a (maximum) 28.8K bit per second protocol. It has nothing
- to do with compression, signaling, or any other things. Under the V.34
- protocol, you may, run V.42 and/or V.42bis for error correction and
- compression, but they have little to do with each other.
-
- Bottom line - V.34 is 28.8K bit per second (or less depending on the
- connection). The data transported over the connection is irrelevant
- to V.34. If it's compressed, fine, if not, V.34 couldn't care.
-
- Keith R. Williams
- krw@together.net
-